Kryptonian Leprosy

Quote: …And now out flesh is shriveling…melting away! Even out children are being turned into living mummies! Our greatest scientists have found no cure! They compare the plague to Earth’s leprosy…only Virus X is much deadlier!

Originally brought to Krypton by visiting aliens, this disease proved quickly fatal to those exposed to it. It caused a deadening of sensation and a mummification of the skin of those affected. Only by quarantining all infected individuals until they died was the disease finally destroyed.

Krytponian Leprosy was caused by the cleverly named Virus X. Lex Luthor managed to synthesize Virus X by exposing terrestrial viruses to Kryptonite. Superman was exposed to this virus and contracted Kryptonian Leprosy, which was eventually cured by exposure to White Kryptonite.

(Of course, in real life, Leprosy is caused by a bacterium and not a virus, and neither would be affected by white Kryptonite because it only affects plant matter).

Virus X

By exposing normal Earth viruses to green Krytponite, Lex Luthor was able to create a virus that caused the dreaded Kryptonian Leprosy.

Black Flu

An epidemic that wiped out many of the first generation of Atlanteans to live underwater. Not much more is known about it as it is just referenced in passing.

Influenza (i.e. “flu”) is a respiratory infection, and I just wonder how this would affect the water-breathing Atlanteans.

Mugre

A rapidly spreading bacterial infection originally from the rainforests of Central and South America. It is susceptible to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (brand-name: Cipro).

Red Rain

An especially virulent strain of the common bacteria Group A Streptococcus designed for use as a biological warfare agent. It was accidentally released from a secret weapons lab under Mount Rushmore and began to spread southward, infecting the civilian population with necrotizing fasciitis, the infamous "flesh eating" disease.

The Avengers ultimately stop the spread of the disease using a special enzyme. Why they didn't use antibiotics like everyone would is never adequately explained.